中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
国际油价走低、原油系期货飘绿,为何汽柴油价格仍上调******
国家发改委2月3日傍晚发布消息,根据近期国际市场油价变化情况,按照现行成品油价格形成机制,自2月3日24时起,国内汽、柴油价格(标准品)每吨分别提高210元和200元。
折升价,上述调幅对应92号汽油上调0.16元,95号汽油和0号柴油均上调0.17元。据大宗商品资讯机构卓创资讯测算,以油箱容量在50L的家用轿车为例,加满一箱92号汽油将较之前多花8元,95号汽油多花8.5元。油耗方面,以月跑2000公里,百公里油耗在8L的小型私家车为例,到下次调价窗口开启(2月17日24时)之前的时间内,消费者用油成本将增加12元左右。物流行业,以月跑10000公里,百公里油耗在38L的重型卡车为例,在下次调价窗口开启前,单辆车的燃油成本将增加301元左右。
经澎湃新闻计算,进入2023年以来,成品油调价经历“二涨一跌”。涨跌互抵后,年内汽油、柴油价格分别上涨255元/吨、245元/吨,对应每升92号汽油、95号汽油及0号柴油上涨0.20元左右。国内大多数地区92号汽油零售限价处于7.5-7.9元/升区间。
国际原油期货方面,截至2月2日收盘,2023年3月交货的WTI原油期货下跌0.53美元/桶(-0.69%),结算价报75.88美元/桶;2023年4月交货的布伦特原油期货下跌0.67美元/桶(-0.81%),结算价报82.17美元/桶。3日,国际油价显著下跌。自2月以来,油价震荡走低。
调价当天,在国内商品期市表现上,原油系品种飘绿。2月3日日间盘收盘,国内商品期货主力合约多数收跌。截至当天15时,燃油主力合约领跌期市,跌超3%,低硫燃料油跌超2%。上海国际能源交易中心日间盘原油期货合约低位震荡,国内原油期货主力2303合约开盘531.7元,截至日间收盘,收报531.9元,跌1.92%或10.4元;结算价为532.0元。
这看起来似乎是矛盾的。为什么会出现国际油价走低、原油系期货飘绿的同时,本轮调价窗口汽柴油价格却上调?其实,这是由国内成品油价格调整机制决定的。
按照《石油价格管理办法》有关规定,国内汽、柴油最高零售价格根据国际市场原油价格变化情况,每10个工作日调整一次。每次价格如何调整主要看调价前10个工作日国际油价平均值与再之前10个工作日平均值的比较情况,不是简单由调价前几天国际油价变动决定。从这轮计价周期的原油变化率看,国际原油价格呈现先扬后抑趋势,但整体价格走高。
金联创能源分析师王延婷表示,中国优化疫情防控政策后,出入境管控进一步放松,市场对中国能源需求预期乐观。另外,EIA将2023年全球原油需求增速预期上调5万桶/日至105万桶/日,再考虑到对俄罗斯石油制裁加码,对燃料供应减少的担忧增加。能源需求前景有所改善与供应减少担忧共同提振油价持续反弹。后期虽然因炼油需求疲软和出口低迷,美国原油库存增加,以及在欧洲央行与英国央行货币政策公布前,市场心态趋于谨慎,对原油价格形成打压,但原油整体均价依然上涨明显。
从历史调价数据看,成品油调价与国际油价走势并非“跟涨不跟跌”。此前也多次出现过调价日之前国际油价大幅上涨,但当期国内成品油价格却下调的情况。例如,2021年12月17日是调价日,之前2个工作日国际油价连续上涨,但当期国内汽、柴油价格每吨分别下调130元、125元。据澎湃新闻不完全统计,2021年7月26日、3月31日,2020年9月18日等调价日均出现过类似情况。
隆众资讯原油分析师李彦认为,以当前的国际原油价格水平计算,下一轮成品油调价开局将呈现下跌的趋势。目前来看,欧美经济衰退忧虑仍在延续,俄罗斯实际供应没有出现显著下滑,预计下一轮成品油调价下调的概率较大。
卓创资讯成品油分析师王雪琴称,美联储加息放缓符合市场预期,但全球央行紧缩货币政策不变,依然对国际油价形成利空压制。另一方面,欧佩克+维持现有产量政策不变,在一定程度上对油市底部支撑明显。短期国际油价单边推涨的压力依然较大,油价有望延续波动行情。新一轮调价以下调预期开场。