红树林基金会执行理事长刘明达：修复后的红树林湿地水鸟的生物多样性显著增加******
中新网蒙特利尔12月8日电 红树林基金会执行理事长、阿拉善SEE生态协会监事刘明达在COP15第二阶段会议“坚持人与自然和谐共生 共建清洁美丽世界”边会上表示，在红树林湿地的修复中，我们发现修复后的红树林湿地水鸟的生物多样性显著增加，水鸟开始大量使用修复后的红树林湿地，雷州湾越冬勺嘴鹬几乎占到其中国越冬种群的一半。
当地时间12月7日，COP15第二阶段会议“坚持人与自然和谐共生 共建清洁美丽世界”中国角边会在加拿大蒙特利尔举行，边会由生态环境部环境与经济政策研究中心、中国新闻社主办，中国新闻网承办。
红树林基金会执行理事长刘明达在边会案例分享上发言。尹灵摄刘明达介绍，红树林是生长在热带、亚热带地区海岸潮间带，以红树植物为代表的木本植物群落，被称为“海上森林”。它既有森林的特征又有湿地的特征，能发挥地球之肺的作用，又能发挥地球之肾的作用，是鱼类、甲壳类、候鸟的宝贵栖息地，具有非常高的生态价值。对于滨海地区来说，红树林湿地不仅能投提供生计来源，更是重要的天然防御墙，能够防风消浪，抵御风暴潮、海啸，防止海岸侵蚀。
“但是，这么重要的生态系统，在过去几十年却遭到了非常大的破坏，全球的红树林面积减少了三分之一，中国更是一度损失了超过70%。” 刘明达说。
雷州湾位于中国广东雷州半岛，属于典型的红树林湿地生态系统。这里与中国很多沿海湿地一样面临着入侵物种、社区发展等威胁与挑战。
刘明达表示，全球性的入侵物种——互花米草，也是雷州湾红树林湿地生态系统最重要的威胁。“我们基于雷州湾的生态-经济-社会调研，确立了刈割-翻耕-覆膜的综合治理手段，完成了80亩入侵物种互花米草的清理，实现红树林湿地的修复，提升红树林生态系统质量和功能，尤其是提升了濒危物种勺嘴鹬的栖息地质量。”
刘明达介绍，雷州湾也是迁徙水鸟重要的停歇地。在红树林湿地的修复中，我们发现修复后的红树林湿地水鸟的生物多样性显著增加，水鸟开始大量使用修复后的红树林湿地。全球仅存800只的勺嘴鹬是雷州湾的湿地明星，吸引了大量的公众。随着社会化参与的深入，我们对雷州湾勺嘴鹬调查更为深入，雷州湾越冬勺嘴鹬几乎占到其中国越冬种群的一半。
“雷州湾的案例仅仅只是海岸带湿地生态系统保护的冰山一角。”刘明达表示，生物多样性的保护进入了新的时代，我们期待“2020年后全球生物多样性框架”为实施和主流化提供工具和解决办法；减少对生物多样性的威胁；确保生物多样性得到可持续利用，以满足人们的需要。让人与自然都有可持续的未来。(完)
中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事****** 中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。  资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。 日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。 日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。 事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。 因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。 日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。 《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。 德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。 日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。 国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。 太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。  Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business By John Lee (ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year. Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business. The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster. On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year. The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public. In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run. Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public. The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution. The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community. The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses. According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan. As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment. However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact. Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad. The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies. If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence. 
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