中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
信通院何宝宏:数字化转型的终点是数字原生****** 【环球网科技报道 记者林迪】数字经济与实体经济深度融合的大背景下,全社会的目光更多聚焦于当下如何开展数字化转型,而缺乏对于转型之后未来世界的前瞻和思考。数字化转型之后,数字原生的世界、社会形态、个人、企业、商品、金融和管理等走向何方?近日,中国信息通信研究院云计算与大数据研究所所长何宝宏围绕技术转型、信息革命、数据资产、Web3、信任科技、元宇宙、技术周期律、经济学2.0、AI、数字原生共十个热门领域进行了前瞻性预测和分享。 何宝宏认为,数字原生代的娱乐、社交、学习和购物等都发生在数字世界,并且将数字世界的语言视为母语。“我们所谓的高科技数字技术也并不是他们眼中的高科技。数字原生需要在数字原生代基础上有两个方向的延展,一是从空间上的延展,从一代人到原生企业、原生应用、原生资产和原生理论的延伸;另一个是从时间上的延展,数字原生的企业等不仅包括2000年之后诞生的,也包括诞生于2000年前,但成功实现了数字转型的,具有鲜明数字原生特点的企业。” 何宝宏提出“经济学2.0”概念。 他指出,经济学也面临着数字化的挑战——“稀缺性”的定义,信息商品化的悖论、经济人理性等问题。目前还出现了一种新的经济学,基于密码学、计算机/网络、数学/游戏伦理和经济学的加密经济学。当下的数字经济更多的是传统经济的数字化转型的结果。 何宝宏认为,互联网拥有“7年之痒”,每7年呈现一个新的发展阶段,从1994年的Web互联网,2001年的宽带互联网,2008年的移动互联网,2015年的产业互联网到现在的3D/价值互联网。互联网也存在持续25-30年的库兹涅次周期,即从1969年-1994年的以技术为导向的孕育期,走向1995年-2020年以“资本”为导向的繁荣期,最后发展到2021年以后以“ESG/基础设施”为主导的成熟期。 “价值中心也发生了阶段性转移,从之前的硬件、软件,发展到现在正在从互联网转向数据(数据要素和数据资产),未来将转向内容。”谈及数字化转型与数字原生的关系时,何宝宏表示,就像农业时代采摘狩猎转型成了种植驯养,原生出“三农”新业态,又如同工业时代推进农业机械化,原生出了工厂、工人等工业新业态,转型是追求变化,是过程,原生是进入稳态,是目标。 他认为,当下,我们正处于数字移民和数字原住民或数字原生代混居的时代,是一个新老交替的时代。Web1.0是传统世界的数字化模仿;Web2.0是互联网原生的开始;Web3.0是数字原生的探索。未来,数字原生企业会走向分布式自治公司、分布式自主组织。 最后,何宝宏指出,未来,我们需要一起努力共建未来的数字原生世界。我们需要建设新的基础设施;我们要将数据资产化和数据要素化;我们要做可视化的且用户自主可控的身份体系;我们需要3D的内容,虚拟与现实要结合起来。 中国网客户端 国家重点新闻网站,9语种权威发布 |